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拾音器 我有新說法
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　　拾音器，又稱監聽頭。監聽拾音器是用來采集現場環境聲音再傳送到后端設備的一個器件，它是由咪頭（麥克風）和音頻放大電路構成。拾音器一般分為數字拾音器和模擬拾音器，數字拾音器就是通過數字信號處理系統將模擬的音頻信號轉換成數字信號并進行相應的數字信號處理的聲音傳感設備。模擬拾音器就只是用一般的模擬電路放大咪頭采集到的聲音。拾音器有三線制和四線制之分；三線制拾音器一般紅色代表電源正極，白色代表音頻正極，黑色代表信號及電源的負極（公共地）。四線制拾音器一般紅色代表電源正極，白色代表音頻正極，音頻負極和電源負極是分開來。拾音器產品通常分為有源和無源兩種類型；按性能分有聲樂吉他和監控用拾音器。

1產品定義

　　拾音器是用來采集現場聲音的一個配件，一種靠接收聲音震動，將聲音放大的電聲學儀器。

2功能分類

　　1、主動式拾音器

　　主動拾音器相對于被動拾音器。

　　優點：功率大、噪音小、延音好、增益好。

　　缺點： 就是對琴體木材的音色特點反映不好，而且沒有被動拾音器的那種非常有特點的PASSIVE 音色。

　　2、被動式拾音器

　　優點：是忠實反映木材音色。

　　缺點： 噪音大、增益不好、功率小。

3功能原理

　　前期拾音器多采用高增益、內部頻率補償的雙運算放大器：3558，LM358，NE5532等，從而實現信號放大及降噪作用。在此類拾音器中，由于只采用簡單的RLC選頻網絡，會出現噪音去除不干凈的現象。高性能拾音器，產品內置數字降噪及浮點相位處理芯片，可以大限度地降低噪音，還原人聲，適合于性能要求高的環境。

　　在拾音器演進中，模擬拾音器將會被數字拾音器所超越。數字拾音器增加了時鐘電路、儲存器、數字處理器。識別數字拾音器的辦法：用一個喇叭播放人的聲音，另外一個人在同樣距離說話，帶回聲抑制功能的拾音器會拾取人說話的聲音而喇叭播放的聲音會被抑制。

4應用場合

　　應用于中國航空航天、國防重點工程、軍事指揮系統、軍用電子裝備、高鐵列車車廂、銀行金融系統、證券交易所、監獄監倉、探訪室、*審訊室、巡邏、戶外車載指揮車、公交車、地鐵、派出所、法院庭審、司法督察、高速公路收費站、服務窗口、大廳、戒毒所、工商（稅務）調解室、檔案館、博物館、勞教所、機楊安檢通道、邊檢口岸、海關哨所、醫院、學校多媒體課室、教室講臺、會議室主席臺、投標室、評標室、拍賣行、廣播廣電、娛樂廣場、街道、政府機關大門、軍隊崗哨、室外曠野同步錄音錄像等各個領域，總之需要對聲音進行采集。

5注意事項

　　一、拾音器安裝位置的選擇

　　1、 天花板吸頂或吊頂安裝

　　2、 墻面側掛安裝

　　3、 桌面嵌入式安裝

　　4、 埋墻隱蔽安裝

　　注意：安裝位置盡量以談話區域為中心。例如：審訊室可以安裝在被審人附近；教室可以安裝在講臺附近；小型會議室可以安裝在天花板中央。安裝原則：盡量靠近主要的談話區域，這樣的拾音效果更佳。

　　二、拾音器連接電纜的選擇及布線

　　拾音器可以使用普通4 芯電話線、5 類網絡雙絞線、屏蔽/非屏蔽信號電纜等。考慮到復雜的施工環境，推薦使用0.5mm2 截面3 芯信號電纜（即常用的3×0.5 RVVP 電纜）。

　　拾音器供電一般分為兩種：

　　1、獨立供電（推薦穩壓電源），信號就用2×0.5 RVVP 電纜傳輸。

　　2、集中供電（在機房集中供電），用3×0.5 RVVP芯電纜，分別為電源正、音頻信號正、公共地。電磁復雜環境可以使用屏蔽電纜，其屏蔽層單端連接設備地。即拾音器（拾音器）一端的屏蔽網懸空，設備端的屏蔽網接設備地（機殼）。注意：布線時好單獨走線，不要同交流電等強電使用同一纜槽，同時盡量遠離變壓器、燈具整流器等強電磁干擾設備。

　　3、怎么選擇供電電源

　　安裝時要考慮到電源效率和線損問題，盡量選用標稱值較高的電源。這里所指的直流穩壓電源就是常說的“線型變壓器”，一般由電源變壓器、整流二極管、濾波電容及集成穩壓器構成。盡量不要使用開關電源，它可能會導致大量的電路雜音！市面上很多開關電源品質差，紋波系數非常大，會引起拾音器有嗡嗡聲。

　　什么是開關電源？簡單的說：就是開關型直流穩壓電源，是用電子開關管和電子開關震蕩器組成的一種自動穩壓電源。比如普通臺式計算機電源就是開關電源。

參考資料

參考資料編輯區域


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產品參數
拾音范圍10~120平方米 （可調節）
頻率范圍20~20k HZ
信 噪 比80dB
指 向全指向
麥克風支持
工作電壓DC 9~12V
外殼ABS 塑料
音頻傳輸距離3000米
輸出電阻600 Ω
處理電路AGC
工作溫度-10° ～ 70°
外形尺寸86mm*26mm
傳輸線纜電話線、網絡線、電纜
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